History or Founder of Jainism
1. The founder and first Tirthankar of Jainism was Rishabhdev.
2. The 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was Parshvanath, who was the son of King Ashwasen of Ikshvaku dynasty of Kashi. He accepted the sannyas life at the age of 30. It was the education given by him.
1. Do not commit violence, 2. Always speak the truth, 3. Do not steal and 4. Do not keep property.
3. Mahavir Swami became the 24th and last Tirthankar of Jainism.
4. Mahavira was born in Kundagram (Vaishali) in 540 BC. His father Siddhartha Gyatrik was the leader of some and mother Trishula was the sister of Lichchavi king Chetak.
5. Mahavir's wife's name was Yashoda and daughter's name was Anokha Priyadarshini.
6. Mahavira's childhood name was Vardhaman. After the death of his parents at the age of 30, he had accepted the life of renunciation after taking permission from his elder brother Nandivardhan.
7. After 12 years of hard penance, Mahavira attained complete knowledge while doing penance under a sal tree on the banks of Rijupalika river near Zimbhik. From this time onwards, Mahavir was called Jin (conqueror), Arhat (worshipable) and Nirgranth (free from bondage).
8. Mahavira gave his sermon in Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi) language.
9. The followers of Mahavira were originally called Nigranths.
10. The first follower of Mahavira was his son-in-law Jamil.
11. The first Jain monk was Champa, the daughter of King Dadhivahan.
12. Mahavira divided his disciples into 11 Gandharas.
13. Sarya Sudharma was the only Gandharva who survived the death of Mahavira and became the first Thera or chief preacher of Jainism.
14. Chandana was the head of the Bhikshuni Sangh of Swami Mahavir.
Note: The names of two Jain Tirthankaras Rishabhdev and Arishtanemi find mention in the Rigveda. Arishtanemi is considered to be a close relative of Lord Krishna.
15. Around 300 BCE, there was a severe 12-year famine in Magadha, due to which Bhadrabahu moved to Karnataka along with his disciples. But some followers stayed in Magadha with Sthulbhadra. On the return of Bhadrabahu, he had deep differences with the sages of Magadha, as a result of which Jainism got divided into two sects named Svetambara and Digambara. (The disciples of Sthulbhadra were called Svetambara (those who wear white clothes) and the disciples of Bhadrabahu were called Digambara (those who remain naked).
16. The three gems of Jainism are- 1. Right Philosophy 2. Right Knowledge and 3. Right Conduct.
17. Following the following five great vows are mandatory in the practice of Triratna: non-violence, truthful speech, asteya, aparigraha and celibacy. There is no belief in God in Jainism.
18. God is not recognized in Jainism.
19. There is belief of soul in Jainism.
20. Mahavira believed in reincarnation and Karmaism.
21. The other names of Saptabhangi knowledge of Jainism are Syadavada and Anekantavada.
22. Jainism derived its spiritual ideas from Samkhya philosophy.
23. Some of the kings who believed in Jainism were Udayin, Vandaraja, Chandragupta Maurya, Kalinga Naresh Kharavela, Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha, Chandela ruler.
24. With the encouragement of Chamunda, a minister of the Ganga dynasty of Mysore, a colossal Bahubali idol (Gomateshwara idol) was built in the middle of the 10th century at Shravanabelagola in Karnataka. The idol of Gomateshwara is in Kayotsarga posture. This idol is 18 m high and has been carved out of a single rock.
25. The Jain temples at Khajuraho were built by the Chandela rulers.
26. Mathura was a famous center of Jainism in the post-Mauryan era. Mathura art is related to Jainism.
27. Biography of Jain Tirthankaras is in Kalpasutra composed by Bhadrabahu.
28. Mahavira died (Nirvana) at the age of 72 in Pawapuri (Rajgir) of Bihar state in 468 BC.
Mahavir Swami attained Nirvana in the Rajprasad of Mallaraja Sristipal.
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